Iceland – 3
In 1814, during the NapoleonicThe Denmark-Norway relationship has broken into two distinct realms through Treaty of Kiel, And Iceland remained under Danish rule. Severe weather conditions during the century caused large waves of emigration to the United States of America and especially for Canada. Meanwhile, a new separatist movement began to gain momentum under the leadership of Jón Sigurðsson, inspired by the ideology of romantic nationalism of the European continent. In 1874, Denmark granted Iceland’s rights to govern themselves, which were expanded in 1904. The Act of Union, an agreement with Denmark signed on December 1 of 1918, Recognized Iceland as a fully sovereign state before the Danish Krone.
During WWIIThe occupation German in Denmark April 9 of 1940 made communication between Iceland and Denmark very difficult. At that time, the Icelandic parliament declared that the island’s government should exercise the functions previously carried out by the King of Denmark, particularly their foreign relations. A month later, the military forces of United Kingdom invaded Iceland, violating Icelandic neutrality. The Allied occupation of Iceland lasted throughout the remainder of the war. The Althing voted June 14 of 1941By electing Sveinn Björnsson as regent for the king Christian X of Denmark.[15]
Ships British and Icelandic shocking during the “Cod War”.
In 1941Responsibility for employment changed for the Army United States. On December 31 of 1943The agreement of the Act expired by its own terms after 25 years. Beginning in May 20 of 1944Four days of voting were conducted to determine in a referendum if the union with Denmark should be renewed or whether a republic should be established.[16] The result was 97% in favor of the latter, and Iceland formally became an independent republic on June 17 of 1944, With Sveinn Björnsson as its first president. Foreign occupation withdrew in 1946. Iceland became a member of NATO in March 30 of 1949, And May 5 of 1951, A defense agreement was signed with the United States, where troops from the country American returned and remained part of the agreement throughout the Cold War and by autumn 2006.
The postwar period was marked by an important economic growth through the fishing industry and the reconstruction promoted by Marshall and the type of government Keynesian marked European economies, promoting the most of the trade. A 1970s was marked by disputes with the United Kingdom limits on fishing in Iceland, dubbed Cod Wars ( “Cod Wars”). The economy was heavily diversified after the entry of Iceland European Economic Area in 1992.
